Division Facts: 1, 2, 5, and 10

Division is all about sharing things equally. One of the best ways to solve division problems is by using something you already know: multiplication! Because multiplication and division are opposites, every multiplication fact has a matching division fact.

Using Multiplication to Divide

If you know your multiplication tables for 2, 5, and 10, you also know your division facts!

When you see a division problem, ask yourself the matching multiplication question.

For example, to solve $45 \div 5 = ?$, ask yourself: "What number times 5 equals 45?" Since $9 \times 5 = 45$, you know that: $45 \div 5 = 9$

Dividing by 2, 5, and 10

Here are some quick tips for dividing by these common numbers:

• Dividing by 2: This is the same as cutting a number in half. Example: $18 \div 2 = 9$ (Because $9 \times 2 = 18$)
• Dividing by 5: Think about skip-counting by 5s or looking at a clock. Example: $45 \div 5 = 9$ (Because $9 \times 5 = 45$)
• Dividing by 10: Just take off the zero at the end of the number! Example: $80 \div 10 = 8$ (Because $8 \times 10 = 80$)

Three Golden Rules of Division

There are three special rules you need to remember when dealing with the numbers 1 and 0:

1. Any number divided by 1 is itself. If you have 7 cookies and give them all to 1 person, that person gets 7 cookies. $7 \div 1 = 7$
2. Zero divided by any number is 0. If you have 0 cookies and share them among 5 friends, everyone gets 0 cookies. $0 \div 5 = 0$
3. You CANNOT divide by 0. You cannot share something into zero groups. In math, dividing by zero is impossible! $5 \div 0 = \text{Cannot be done!}$