Introduction to Sets and Set Notation

Problem

Create a video about sets.

Step 1: Define the Collection

A set is a way to treat a collection of objects as one mathematical idea. To define a set, there must be a clear rule for what is included.

For example, if the rule is “whole numbers less than $5$,” then the set contains exactly

$$0,\ 1,\ 2,\ 3,\ 4.$$

Step 2: Name the Elements

Each object inside a set is called an element.

In the set of whole numbers less than $5$, the numbers $0$, $1$, $2$, $3$, and $4$ are elements. For example, $0$ is an element and $3$ is an element.

However, $5$ is not an element because $5$ is not less than $5$.

Step 3: Write Roster Notation

Roster notation lists the elements of a set inside braces, with commas separating the entries.

The set of whole numbers less than $5$ can be written as

$$\{0, 1, 2, 3, 4\}.$$

Step 4: Use Membership Symbols

Membership notation gives a short way to say whether an object belongs to a set.

If we call the set

$$S = \{0, 1, 2, 3, 4\},$$

then the statement “$3$ is an element of the set” is written as

$$3 \in S.$$

This statement is true.

The statement “$5$ is not an element of the set” is written as

$$5 \notin S.$$

This statement is also true.

Step 5: Connect Rule and Notation

A set can be described in words or in mathematical notation without changing its meaning.

The rule “whole numbers less than $5$” describes the same set as

$$\{0, 1, 2, 3, 4\}.$$

A set is a clearly defined collection, its elements are the objects inside it, and set notation records membership precisely.